Refinery Atlas · v0.2 · 40 countries

The Zillowof power.

A searchable index and a live map of stranded megawatts — every warehouse, mill, and dead mall that already holds energized service, scored for edge data centers and container battery storage. The fastest MW is the one already on the grid.

Countries
40
Sites indexed
7,648
MW indexed
12.8K
Methodology
Public
Nucor Steel Texas46.7 MW· 99Sabine River Works44.1 MW· 98Google Data Center38.0 MW· 97Firewheel Town Center46.2 MW· 98X-FAB Texas32.7 MW· 99Port of Beaumont29.4 MW· 96Tyler Pipe27.8 MW· 95Compass Data Center33.1 MW· 97Nucor Steel Texas46.7 MW· 99Sabine River Works44.1 MW· 98Google Data Center38.0 MW· 97Firewheel Town Center46.2 MW· 98X-FAB Texas32.7 MW· 99Port of Beaumont29.4 MW· 96Tyler Pipe27.8 MW· 95Compass Data Center33.1 MW· 97
01/The Thesis

AI compute is a power problem disguised as a real-estate one.

Global data-center demand is tracking to 219 gigawatts by 2030. PJM's interconnection queue has stretched from under two years to over eight. ERCOT large-load requests crossed 230 GW in 2025.

Hyperscale-class greenfield builds now exceed $20M per megawatt and still wait 5 years for power. The fastest megawatt is the one already energized — sitting inside a vacant warehouse, a closed mall, a wound-down steel mill.

Refinery Atlas surfaces that inventory by region, by MW, by slab area. Public methodology. Sourced data. 40 countries and counting.

219GW
Global data-center demand by 2030. McKinsey base case.
8yr+
PJM interconnection wait. Was under two years in 2008.
230GW
ERCOT large-load queue, 2025. Quadrupled YoY.
$20M/MW
Hyperscale capex. Stranded-power deploys at a fraction.
Refinery Atlas · v0.2
0countries
Stranded buildings, grid, and queues on one map.
ERCOT · Nov 2025
0GW
Storage in ERCOT interconnection queue. Five-year wait.
JLL · 2026
0GW
New global data-center capacity needed by 2030.
CBRE · H2 2025
0.0%
Primary-market data-center vacancy.
02/What's on the map

Twelve layers. One coherent grid.

Toggle individually, filter by voltage class, narrow by viewport. Stranded-asset and score-tiered markers are the product. Everything else is the context that makes them legible.

Stranded assets
Warehouses, malls, mills with existing 5–30 MW service
Transmission lines
Global ≥138 kV via OSM + HIFLD (US), colored by kV class
Substations
330k+ substations worldwide, OSM Power + HIFLD
BESS opportunities
Tier-scored battery storage sites — slab-ready preferred
Edge DC candidates
2–20 MW small-DC sites with fiber proximity
Interconnection queue
Active projects with INR + projected COD (ERCOT first)
Operating generators
EIA-860 + Global Energy Monitor plant trackers
FEMA flood zones
NFHL SFHAs and floodways
Opportunity zones
Treasury OZ designations
Texas JETI districts
School districts eligible for 50% M&O abatement
Fiber routes
FCC BDC + OSM telecom corridors
Climate risk
FEMA NRI, USDA Drought, ASHRAE economizer hours
03/The engine

How a site scores 87.

Weighted-sum multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) over eight categories. Every input declares its normalization rule, its source, and its as-of date. The composite is ∑(weight × score).

Tier mapping: S 90+, A 80–89, B 65–79, C 50–64, D below 50. Confidence under 0.6 marks the tier with a ?.

Profile shown: Hyperscale. Drag any weight in the Atlas drawer to recompute live.
CategoryWeightInputs
Power
30%
Distance to ≥138 kV substation, distance to 345 kV+ line, POI headroom, dual-feed redundancy.
Grid
10%
T12mo mean RTM SPP, hours over $100/MWh, volatility, ancillary stack (ECRS, RRS, Reg-Up).
Land
12%
Buildable acres, slope, FEMA flood overlap, NFPA 855 §9.5.2.6.1 setbacks.
Fiber
15%
Distinct providers within 1 mile, distance to IXP, theoretical Dallas latency.
Water
8%
Cooling water availability, USDA drought severity at centroid.
Climate
7%
ASHRAE economizer hours, FEMA NRI composite, hurricane / tornado / wildfire exposure.
Tax
10%
JETI eligibility, Opportunity Zone, Chapter 312, ITC, paired-storage Tex. Tax Code §11.27.
Community
8%
Median permitting timeline, construction trades wages + employment, NIMBY history.
04/Who it's for

Four jobs, one map.

Stranded-power hunter

Hyperscalers can't land. The interconnection queue is a 5-year wait. The fastest MW is the MW that's already energized.

  • 1Filter Rust Belt warehouses, Permian service yards, dead malls with 5–20 MW existing on-site service.
  • 2Bias toward existing concrete slab + 10–20 container BESS slots — pad pour eliminated, NFPA 855 already feasible.
  • 3Score against the Stranded Power profile. Permitting timeline and existingMw dominate.

Edge / small DC developer

GPU clusters don't need 400 MW campuses. They need 5 MW pods near IXPs that can come online in 9 months.

  • 1Sort 2–20 MW stranded buildings within 50 mi of an IXP, sorted by ASHRAE economizer hours.
  • 2Look for hasIndoorDc true — vacant office floors or hospital wings with existing redundancy.
  • 3Score against the Edge DC profile. Existing MW + fiber proximity beat every other factor.

Container BESS operator

Greenfield BESS waits for interconnect. A slabbed parking lot waits for a truck.

  • 1Find 1–5 acre slabs with NFPA 855 setback compliance and existing distribution-class service.
  • 2Cross-check the ancillary stack at the load-zone level (ECRS + RRS + Reg-Up).
  • 3Hand a packet to Refinery for $5–50M stablecoin financing in one click.

Capital allocator

LPs want to know what they're funding without waiting for the next investor letter.

  • 1Watch Refinery's pipeline land on the map as stranded assets get repowered.
  • 2Pull the methodology to validate every weight against your investment thesis.
  • 3Reconcile to ISO operational reality with weekly-refresh LMP data.
05/The comparison

Refinery Atlas vs. the incumbents.

LandGate, Enverus, JLL Data Center Solutions — incumbents are excellent and we cite their numbers. We open the data and the math.

DimensionRefinery AtlasWalled incumbents
Coverage
All 50 states, 7 ISOs
Per-state subscription
Methodology
Public, every input cited
Black-box scoring
Live weights
Drag any criterion slider
Fixed profiles
Refresh
ETL runs weekly; hourly LMP
Quarterly
Pricing
Free public map; paid deal room
5–6 figure ACV
Sharing
URL state syncs every view
Login walled
Pipeline
Wired into Refinery financing
No outlet
06/The plumbing

Every input is sourced.

Where a source carries an attribution requirement we preserve it. Where a source is cited but not ingested we say so. The full list lives at /attribution.

  • OpenStreetMap Power
    power=line, power=substation, transformer — global
    ODbL 1.0
  • Global Energy Monitor
    Steel, coal, gas, LNG plant trackers — every continent
    CC BY 4.0
  • ENTSO-E Transparency
    EU day-ahead prices, generation, cross-border flows
    Free w/ registration
  • EMBER Electricity Data
    Country-level hourly generation + carbon intensity
    CC BY 4.0
  • Open Power System Data
    Curated EU TSO records, harmonized for research
    CC0
  • GeoNames
    11M place names with admin hierarchy, every country
    CC BY 4.0
  • OpenInfraMap
    Visual OSM power grid renderer, used for sanity-check
    ODbL 1.0
  • Overture Maps
    Buildings, places, divisions — global, monthly refresh
    CDLA Permissive 2.0
  • OpenFreeMap
    Dark vector basemap, hosted free
    Free + ODbL
  • HIFLD Archive
    US transmission + substations, mirrored by SeerAI
    CC BY 4.0
  • EIA Open Data API v2
    Operating generators, LMPs, hourly load (US)
    Public domain
  • FEMA NFHL
    US flood zones, floodways, SFHAs
    Public domain
  • FEMA National Risk Index
    US composite hazard score per tract
    Public domain
  • ERCOT public reports
    GIS Report PG7-200-ER, settlement points, SPP
    ERCOT TOU
  • Texas Comptroller
    JETI agreements, Chapter 312 abatements
    Public
  • IRS / Treasury OZ
    Designated Opportunity Zone tracts
    Public domain
  • BLS QCEW
    County construction wages + employment
    Public
  • EPA eGRID
    US subregion emissions intensity
    Public
  • NREL OEDI
    Solar resource, wind, ATB cost benchmarks
    Public
  • USGS NHD + 3DEP
    Hydrography, elevation, slope rasters
    Public domain
  • Modo Energy, Tyba Energy
    BESS revenue stack calibration benchmarks
    Cited
Open the atlas

Pick a region.
Pick a profile.
Score every site.

The public map is free. The deal flow — sourcing, underwriting, and stablecoin financing — is private to Refinery's origination team and capital partners.